Apple Mummies are a great way to teach experimental design. Natron was used to mummify by Egyptians. It has sodium carbonate (washing soda), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium chloride (table salt), and sodium sulfate (I substitute Epsom salts, magnesium sulfate.) The kids determine which salt or combination of salts works well to mummify an apple. I set out scales, apples, and salts. The kids need to reason that the amounts of salts and mass of apple must be the same for each sample. This is my favorite means to teach controlled variables. (Here is an older post about Fruit Mummies.).
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